Method of and apparatus for forging upset articles



' May 3. 1932. W, H SPlRE 1,856,440

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR FORGING- UPSET ARTICLES Filed April 25, 19293 Sheets-Sheet 2 new w. H. SPIRE 1,856,440

METHOD OF' AND APPARATUS FOR FORGING UPSET lARTCLES May 3, 1932.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 dvw am@ www Sh. www am,

L@ r WN V f K1 T 4 mw: NM. A Wh. www Oh bn: vw

atto/www Patented May 3, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT vlucia;

WILLIAM HENRY SPIR-E, OF ('}L1lilVELA1\TDr RODUCTS, INC., Oli

HEIGHTS;` onro, AssIGi'on tra THOMPSON A CORPORATION' OF OHIO METHODOFAND APPARATUS'FOR FORGING UPSET ARTCLES Applpcationled April 25,

This invention is concernedwithimprove-r ments in machines designed forthe plastic formingy of metals by the application of heavy pressures,and moreparticularly the invention is set forth in its present form asan adaptation to forging machines of the upsetting and heading types.

In manufacturing processes where the Ymetal is usually forged in asingle stroke operation of a forming die, it is frequently nec- I essarytoprovide some form of mechanism which will function to eject or ykickthe formed article from the die or forming head whereby the formed pieceof metal will be ejected positively or removed from the forming cavitiesof the-machine before'a following blank isv positioned infalign'menttherewith for a repeat of the'forming-operation. It `frequently occursthat the ejection of the previously formed work from the'forming diesnecessitates the use of considerable: force, this being particularlytrue in that class of upsetting or forming :machines industriallyutilizable in the formation of bolt heads and ythe heads ofvautomotivevalves;v Since the .shank of the bolt 'or valve stem is rela'-tively slender 'compared to the bulkor mass of the metal formed in thehead the ejectinlg.r means has usually comprised a slender rod" ofcorresponding diameter which extended intoash'ank cavity fofthei'ormingdie.v Malchines of this'Y type usually embody astationvthat:the kicker or ej ec K ejector mechanism ary frame part or anvil and areciprocating head quite `massive in designto withstand high compressivestresses without distorting and the head carries the forming die and duetothe bulky design of the head it is necessary tor rod be ofconsiderable length, and particularly where articles are being formedhaving'long shankssuch as bolts and/orvalves. j

'Wherefore the general object of the present invention is theprovision'of a novel ejector mechanismwhich'canbe utilized on variousupsetting and header Vmachines in an efiicient :manner regardless of theconfining diameters of the valveshanks or bolts being lmanufactured orformed on the machine.

'lhe nature ofthe invention is 'such that the may also functionas part-tof be readily overcome.

Y lin Fig.

1929. lvSerial N0. 358,032.

of the work `forming means, and accordingly my invention is directedalso to the provision ofan ejector mechansmwhich may be adaptedv'to-theApresentforms ofupsetting and bolt heading machinesin such manner thatthe ejector may comprise part of the die.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a novel ejectormechanism which may be 4substituted for a kicker or ejecting rodpreviously embodied in a valve header machine.1

A still further object of my invention is f the provision of a method offorming a single piece automotive valve member by a combined forgingandsextruding operation of the valve head and part of the valve stemwhereby the valve body relative to the length of q f thevalvestem willbe accurately formed.

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter be setforth in thefollowing tion which refers to the accompanying drawings illustratingtwo embodiments thereof.

In the drawings Fig. -1 is a plan view of a valve header machineequipped with my invention.v Fig. 2 is a cross sectional side elevationtaken through the header substantialdescriply along the line 2-2 of Fig.l and illustratf.

rod laterally'at several points I amable to prevent 'the starting of thebend in' the rod and, accordingly the rod is maintainedl as a uniformlyloaded column when under load.

I show for the purpose of illustration and not in ylimitation thereof,my invention as applied generally to an upsetting machine By thussupporting the c the rod whereby the herey2 of the drawings, in crosssectionl Y the present instance,

1s supported bya series ofannular bearing` vhead block 14. I f suitablediameter'to slidably supportV the rear kgate 15, the gate illustrated asbeing equipped with a stationary forming anvil 10, a die 11, the anvil10 being rigidly mounted upon a heavy machine frame 13 andthe formingdie 11 beingY positioned within* a head block 14.` The head block 14 isusually mounted upon a 'slide or beingxreciprocated by a a connectingrod or pitman being" rotated by vra source fly wheels 18 in crank 16through 17 the crankl 16 of power applied to gears or any suitableVmanner.

The header machine illustrated in Figs. .1 and Q-and forming die'11v areparticularly designed for the forming of a semi-formed valve head Va, onya shank Vb to produce a single piece automotive valve member; thesemi-formed head portion Va being Yusually pre-formed or gathered toconform to the dot and'dash shape shown in Fig. 3. The forming die 11has a bore therein conforming to the diameter' of the shank portion V?)ofrthe'valve and a removable sleeveQO., car'- riedby the head block 14,may be 'considered as part of the forming die 11 in the presentillustration.

In Fig. 21

in thevusual installation is suspended on a suitable supporting mediumVvattached to vthe` machine frame in a position-.to clear the'reciprocating movements of the slide 15..V In however, the ejector lrodmembers 26 provided with different diameters and respectively disposedto move withink a bore of varying diameter formedwithin a sleeve 30concentrically arrangedwithi'n-the TheV end 31 ofthe Aboi-eis ofenlarged annular head end 33' of the ejector rod 25, vThe head 33arbutsV a stop rod 35 of relatively largeY diameter 1 compared to thediameter of the ejector rod 25 and the stop rod 35 may be supported byany suitable bridge work such as'members'36 and 37 (see Figs.A 1 and 2)secured to the machine frame at the end of a slideway formed therein tosupport the reciprocating slide'member 15.

yThe operation of this arrangement isas follows: Awork blank or yvalvestem having a preheated gathered headis inserted in the bore of the diemember 11 when the slide 15 is moving forwardly Ifrom the 'right to theleft in Figs. 1 and' 2, (this operation usually beingl effectedautomatically) "and as the Y the anvil-block 10,

i' Veo 'ditions 'of Akthe, metal crank 16 revolves'to the-lefthorizontal position the preheated head Va is forced' against thuscausing the hot gathered end of the valvek stem Va lto be compressed tothe final :valve head form. This operation causes some elongation of thevalve stem portion-Vb by Aan extrurding action 'Y which takes Vplace atthe point-E (see Fig.y 2). i

This` eXtruding action will varyfdepending upon variations in themetallurgical con- ,comprising thev valveV vmechanism reciprocates showan ejector rod 25 which body and the temperature thereof at the time offorming but the amount of extrusion in the present instance is limitedby reason of the fact that the ejector kicker rod Q5 is of sufficientlength to have the forwardv end thereof disposed within the bore of thesleeve 2() to limit the. extent of eXtrusi n of the valve stem. amountof extrusion of the stem causes the right end of the stem to abut thevend ofthe ejector rod 25 any remaining surplus metal in the head portionVa of the valve will be caused to form a flash thereon about theperimeter ofthel valve head. p p

YUpon the completion ofA this forging and extruding operation t iekicker rod 25 acts to eject the valve stemV from the bore of the diemembers 11 and 20,- and as the sleeve 30 and annular bearing members 26move to the right with the die block they are caused to gather when theycontact with` each other and the head 33 of the kicker rod. When theslide from right to left these annular members are caused to be properlydisposed longitudinally along the kicker rod as illustrated, by reasonof the variation in their diameters and the variationezof the diameterof the bore of the sleeve 30.v

In Figs. 3, 4 and-5, I'illustrate amodified and more refined manner ofvadapting my in- Thus when a prcdeterminedj described may be readilyremovably assembled within the slide 15 of the header illustrated inFig.V 2. The sleeve member illustrated in the construction, as shown-inFig. 3 in thepresent instance willcomprise a sleeve member 50 having abore of uniform diameter. thereon to receive a series of small sleevemembers 51, 52, 53, 54'and 55 of uniform outside diameter but of varyinginside diameters, andV which sleeve members coact with the annular4members 51a, 52a, 53a, 54a respectivelv,l and the head 55a of thekicker rod 56 to effect positioningofthe members 51a, 52a, etc. 1 findthis construction quite adaptable to the present day form of valve andVKbolt headers. Y f f i s In this construction Ialso provide as shown sin Fig. 5 a retainingfmeans for each ot the annular members 57a, etc.,which may be in the form of ball members 60 disposed within a radialbore formed-within each of the an-V nular members and which are actedupon by a spring 61 retainedwithin theradial bore 1 by any suitablemeans such as small screwT members 62. The end of the kicker rod 56adjacent the head a thereof is provided with suitably disposed grooves58 (see F ig. 4) in Which the ball members 60 Will be forced to seatWhen the slide l5 is in the extreme left position (see Figs. 2 and 3),and as the slide 15 moves from the right to the left these annularmembers will be retained in the collective position shown in Fig. 3until the corresponding tapered shoulders on the sleeves 52, 53, etc.contact With the annular coni-form surfaces thereof, and When the slidehas reached the extreme right position the kicker rod 56 Will beaccurately laterally supported as shown in Fig. 4.

From. the foregoing description o-f two adaptations of my invention itwill be seen that I have provided a mechanism which is simple in itsmode of operation and is readily adaptable to the dimensional confinesof the die blocks of header machines whereby it may be used insubstitution of the present form of kicker rods and kicker mechanisms,and even though the kicker rod is of relatively small diameter ascompared to that of the required length thereof the rod nevertheless canbe laterally supported at any desired number of longitudinal pointswhereby extreme compressive loads may be exerted upon the end of thekicker rod Without causing distortion thereof. It follows that I am thusutilizing the kicker rod as an end Wall or an element of the formingkdie Without causing distortion and buckling of the kicker ro'd and I cantherefore predetermine he amount of extrusion of the hot head metal intostem formation. This result overcomes a great deal of material Wastefrom the stem end of each valve piece when the ends are precisioniinished by a grinding operation.

It Will be apparent also to those skilled in the art that the presentform of my invention may be considerably varied to adapt the same tovarious header constructions Where Work of shapes and contours quitedifferent than bolts and automobile valves are being formed.

I claim:

1. v`In an apparatus of the character described, thecombination of areciprocating die head, an ejector member adapted to eject Work pressedinto a cavity formed in the die head, shiftable means for laterallysupporting the ejector member when said member is subjected to Workingstrains, and means for repositioning said shiftable means.

2. In a header machine, the combination of a movable cavitary die memberhaving a bore extending therethrough, stationary Work ejecting meansextending into said bore, shiftable means for reinforcing the Workejecting means When the Work ejecting means is caused to act upon theWork in the cavity of said die, and means for repositioning saidshiftable means.

3. In a header machine, a machine frame, a reciprocating metal formingmechanism, a die cooperating means supported by the frame of themachine, a stationary Work ejector, shiftable means for laterallyreinforcing the ejector when said die head is reciprocated toward theanvil of the machine whereby the ejector may constitute a Work formingWall of the cavity of the die, and means for repositioning saidshiftable means.

4l. An apparatus of the character described comprising a reciprocatingdie head, a die carried thereby having an elongated cavity for thereception of a piece of Work having a shank of substantially the samediameter as said elongated cavity, means for reciprocating said diehead, a stationary member associated with the reciprocating means toextend into said elongated cavity and a series of collectible bearingmembers for laterally bracing said member during the forging stroke ofsaid reciprocating means, and means for repositioning said collectiblebearing members.

5. In an apparatus of the class described7 the combination of a die, arelatively thin member for ejecting Work formed in the die, means forreinforcing said ejecting member against bending comprising a sleevehaving a series of tapered shoulders of progressively varying'diameters, a corresponding number of collectible annular members adaptedto engage said ejecting member and said shoulders, and spring means forretaining each of said annular members in collected position on saidejector member until each of said annular members is engaged by thecorresponding shoulder of the sleeve.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto affix my signature.

IVILLIAM HENRY SPIRE.

